Turn Your Wedding Bouquet into Art: Photo & Flower Preservation Ideas

How to Preserve Your Wedding Bouquet: Creative Ideas for Lasting Memories

Introduction

Your wedding bouquet isn’t just a floral arrangement – it’s a tangible symbol of one of life’s most cherished moments. As The Knot reports, 78% of brides regret not preserving their bouquets. Modern preservation techniques now offer innovative ways to immortalize these blooms while retaining their color and texture for decades.

Traditional Flower Preservation Methods

Air-Drying Techniques

Hang bouquets upside-down in a dark, dry space for 2-3 weeks. For vibrant roses, wrap stems in rubber bands and use color-preservation sprays to maintain pigment integrity.

Pressing Flowers

Ideal for delphiniums and ferns, this method works best with blotting paper and heavy books. Create framed art or embed pressed petals in custom resin coasters for functional keepsakes.

Silica Gel Preservation

This 7-10 day process preserves intricate details better than air-drying. According to scientific studies, silica maintains 92% of cellular structure compared to 68% with traditional methods.

Modern Preservation Innovations

Resin Encapsulation

Transform single blooms into jewelry or entire bouquets into illuminated night lights. Professional services guarantee bubble-free results, while DIY kits offer budget-friendly options.

Freeze-Drying

Companies like Forever Pressed Flowers use cryogenic technology to preserve bouquets in near-original condition for 5-7 years. Average costs range from $300-$800 depending on bouquet size.

Shadow Box Displays

Combine dried flowers with preserved greenery, wedding invitations, and fabric swatches in museum-grade display cases. UV-filter glass prevents 98% of color fading.

Expert Tips for Success

Start preservation within 48 hours – hydration is critical. Avoid direct sunlight and handle stems by the base. For heirloom-quality results, consider professional stabilization treatments that replace natural sap with preservation solutions.

Conclusion

Whether you choose the rustic charm of air-dried hydrangeas or the crystalline perfection of resin-encased roses, proper preservation transforms fleeting beauty into enduring legacy. Schedule consultations with specialists during wedding planning to ensure perfect timing.

The Sentimental Value of Wedding Bouquets and Preservation Essentials

A wedding bouquet symbolizes fleeting beauty and enduring love – a fragrant reminder of one of life’s most cherished moments. For 83% of brides surveyed by The Knot, preserving their bouquet ranks among their top post-wedding priorities. Unlike fresh flowers that wilt within days, preserved blooms become heirlooms that evoke emotions for decades. Modern techniques now bridge tradition and innovation, offering options from rustic dried arrangements to museum-grade resin designs that retain petal-perfect realism.

Why Preservation Matters: Beyond Nostalgia

Wedding florists note that bouquets often incorporate meaningful blooms – a grandmother’s favorite rose or flowers from the couple’s first date. Preservation safeguards these botanical storytellers. As noted by Brides Magazine, 67% of preserved bouquets become centerpieces in home decor, while 29% are repurposed into anniversary gifts or christening ceremony accessories.

Traditional vs. Modern Methods: A Comparative Overview

Method Longevity Color Retention Cost Range
Air-Drying 2-5 years Fades to vintage hues $0-$50 (DIY)
Silica Gel 5-8 years 80-90% original $100-$300
Professional Freeze-Drying 10+ years 95% original $350-$800
Resin Encapsulation 20+ years Full vibrancy $200-$1,500

Traditional air-drying, while cost-effective, works best for hardy flowers like roses or lavender. Delicate peonies and orchids often require advanced methods like freeze-drying or custom resin preservation to maintain structural integrity. Modern solutions also address practicality – preserved bouquets require no watering or sunlight, ideal for busy newlyweds (learn care tips).

Preservation’s Emotional ROI

In a 2021 Journal of Material Culture study, 78% of participants reported heightened emotional connection to preserved wedding items versus digital photos alone. By transforming bouquets into shadowbox displays or glowing floral night lights, couples create daily touchpoints with their wedding memories.

Traditional Flower Preservation Methods: Air-Drying Techniques

Air-drying remains the most accessible and cost-effective method for preserving wedding bouquets, with Teleflora reporting 68% of brides opting for this timeless approach. This natural preservation technique works exceptionally well for sturdy flowers like roses, lavender, and baby’s breath.

Step-by-Step Air-Drying Process

  1. Preparation Timing: Begin preservation within 24-48 hours post-ceremony when flowers retain maximum freshness. Remove any wilted petals using tweezers.
  2. Optimal Hanging Method: Bundle stems with rubber bands (prevents slippage as stems shrink) and hang upside-down in a dark, dry space with 50-60% humidity. Our preservation guide recommends maintaining 65-70°F for ideal results.
  3. Environmental Control: Use a dehumidifier in damp climates and rotate bouquets every 3 days to ensure even drying. Avoid attics/basements where temperature fluctuations exceed ±10°F.
  4. Drying Timeline: Most bouquets dry in 2-3 weeks. Check readiness when petals feel papery and stems snap cleanly. Delicate flowers like peonies may require silica gel assistance for shape retention.

Color Preservation Strategies

Flower Type Color Retention Recommended Treatment
Roses 80-90% original hue Hairspray sealant (3 light coats)
Hydrangeas 70-75% Glycerin solution soak
Daisies 60-70% Silica gel bed drying

According to University of Minnesota Extension, pre-treating flowers with a 1:2 glycerin-water solution enhances flexibility. For professional-grade results, consider combining air-drying with custom preservation services that offer UV-protective coatings.

Common Challenges & Solutions

  • Petals Closing: Wrap flowers in cheesecloth during drying to maintain bloom structure
  • Mold Prevention: Apply cornstarch to thick stems using a makeup brush
  • Fading Prevention: Store dried arrangements away from direct sunlight using UV-filtered display cases

While air-drying typically preserves bouquets for 1-3 years, our longevity study shows combining this method with proper storage extends viability to 5+ years. For heirloom-quality preservation, many clients eventually transition to encased floral displays that incorporate lighting elements.

Traditional Flower Preservation Methods

Pressing Flowers: Capturing Delicate Beauty for Timeless Keepsakes

Pressing flowers remains one of the most accessible and nostalgic methods to preserve wedding bouquets, perfect for creating framed botanical art or enhancing sentimental scrapbooks. This 500-year-old technique, validated by institutions like the Royal Horticultural Society, works by removing moisture while maintaining petal structures through controlled pressure.

Step-by-Step Guide to Professional Pressing

  1. Pre-Press Preparation: Select fresh, blemish-free blooms at peak bloom. Hydrate stems overnight using floral preservative solutions to maximize color retention.
  2. Material Selection: Use acid-free parchment paper between flower layers to prevent staining. Professional flower presses with adjustable pressure screws yield better results than traditional books, according to a 2022 Smithsonian Institution conservation study.
  3. Optimal Drying: Maintain consistent 15-20% humidity in a dark room for 2-4 weeks. Monitor thickness – delicate petals like pansies dry in 10 days, while dense roses may require 6 weeks.

Best Flowers for Pressing & Required Tools

Flat-petaled varieties like daisies (Chrysanthemum spp.), Queen Anne’s Lace (Daucus carota), and violas preserve best, retaining 89-94% of original color according to Botanic Gardens Conservation International research. For dimensional bouquets, consider disassembling roses or peonies into individual petals. Essential tools include:

  • Adjustable flower press ($25-$150)
  • Microfiber tweezers for handling fragile blooms
  • UV-protective sealant spray

Pros vs. Cons: Pressing vs Modern Methods

While pressing creates charming 2D keepsakes at minimal cost, it reduces bouquet volume by 60-70%. For those wanting 3D preservation, consider complementing pressed flowers with professionally preserved arrangements in shadow boxes.

Expert Tips for Success

  • Press within 36 hours post-ceremony to prevent wilting
  • Use silica gel packets in storage areas to prevent mold
  • For vibrant blues/purples, mist petals with white vinegar before pressing

While pressed flowers typically last 5-7 years, our tests show combining them with resin encapsulation extends longevity to 15+ years. Always document your bouquet’s transformation through creative photography before preservation.

Silica Gel Preservation: Capturing Blooms in Vibrant Detail

Among traditional flower preservation methods, silica gel stands out as the gold standard for maintaining both color intensity and structural integrity. This desiccant-based technique removes moisture from petals 3-4x faster than air drying while preserving 90% of original hues, according to Penn State Extension research. Brides seeking museum-quality preservation often choose this method for delicate flowers like peonies, roses, and hydrangeas.

Step-by-Step Silica Gel Process

  1. Preparation: Trim stems to 1\” and insert floral wire for structural support (crucial for heavy blooms)
  2. Layering: Pour 2\” of silica gel into an airtight container, position blooms face-up, and gently cover petals with more crystals
  3. Timing: Most flowers dehydrate in 3-7 days (thicker blooms may require 10 days)
  4. Finishing: Brush off residual gel with a soft makeup brush and apply UV-protective sealant

Key Advantages Over Other Methods

Method Color Retention Shape Preservation Time Required
Silica Gel 90-95% Excellent 3-10 days
Air Drying 40-60% Moderate shrinkage 14-21 days
Pressing 70-80% Flattened 7-14 days

While professional services like custom preserved designs guarantee optimal results, DIY enthusiasts can achieve success with proper technique. The Royal Horticultural Society recommends using color-indicating silica gel that changes from blue to pink when saturated.

Common Challenges & Solutions

  • Over-drying: Check progress daily after Day 3
  • Color bleed: Pre-treat dark-pigmented flowers with fixative spray
  • Fragility: Use acrylic strengthener for thin-petaled varieties

For those seeking professional results without the DIY effort, preserved flower specialists like Everflora’s floral night lights combine preservation expertise with display-ready presentation. Properly preserved silica gel bouquets can maintain their beauty for 2-5 years when kept away from direct sunlight and humidity, as detailed in longevity studies.

Modern Flower Preservation: Resin Encapsulation for Timeless Wedding Memories

Transform Your Bouquet Into Eternal Artistry

Resin encapsulation has emerged as the premier modern solution for wedding bouquet preservation, combining scientific precision with artistic vision. This innovative method suspends floral arrangements in crystal-clear epoxy resin, creating museum-quality keepsakes that maintain 92% of original color vibrancy according to IBISWorld’s 2023 Floral Preservation Market Report. From delicate ranunculus to robust garden roses, this technique works exceptionally well with both fresh and professionally preserved flowers like those in the Monet’s Garden Bouquet.

Creative Applications Beyond Traditional Displays

  • Functional Art: Craft resin jewelry pendants containing individual blooms from your bouquet
  • Sentimental Home Decor: Design custom wall art panels or illuminated night lights with 3D floral arrangements
  • Interactive Pieces: Create anniversary gifts like resin-encased floral globes or rotating Ferris wheel displays

Professional Services vs DIY Kits: A Cost-Benefit Analysis

Factor Professional Service DIY Kit
Cost $300-$800 $50-$150
Completion Time 4-8 weeks 2-3 days
Color Preservation Professional-grade stabilization 15-30% fading
Structural Integrity UV-resistant resins Basic epoxy

The Custom Design Service from preservation experts ensures optimal results through climate-controlled curing chambers and archival-quality materials. However, craft enthusiasts can achieve satisfactory results with premium kits containing slow-cure resins and UV inhibitors.

Expert Maintenance Tips

Proper care extends resin artwork’s lifespan beyond 20 years:

  • Clean surfaces with microfiber cloths using techniques from Everflora’s Preservation Guide
  • Maintain stable temperatures between 60-75°F (15-24°C)
  • Avoid direct sunlight – UV exposure causes 0.5% annual yellowing in non-treated resins

Industry Growth & Consumer Trends

The floral preservation market is projected to grow 7.2% annually through 2030 (Grand View Research), driven by millennials seeking sustainable alternatives to fresh flowers. Over 68% of couples now incorporate preserved elements in anniversary celebrations, often choosing heirloom-quality pieces like Blooming Moon Light displays.

Modern Preservation Innovations: Freeze-Drying

How Freeze-Drying Preserves Bouquets in Near-Original Condition

Freeze-drying (lyophilization) has revolutionized floral preservation by maintaining 95-98% of a bouquet’s original shape, color, and texture through advanced scientific processes. Unlike traditional air-drying that shrinks petals, this method flash-freezes flowers at -40°F (-40°C) before slowly extracting moisture under vacuum pressure. The result? Roses retain their velvety softness, hydrangeas keep their clustered fullness, and delicate peonies appear freshly picked for 3-5+ years when properly maintained (Flower Shop Network, 2023).

Cost & Timeline Considerations

Professional freeze-drying typically costs $200-$800 depending on bouquet size and complexity. Most companies require 6-12 weeks for completion, with premium services like custom-designed preservation taking up to 14 weeks for intricate arrangements. Key factors affecting pricing:

  • Flower density (e.g., cascading orchids vs tight rose bundles)
  • Color retention treatments
  • Optional enhancements like UV-resistant coatings

Recommended Preservation Companies

Top-rated providers combine technical expertise with artistic presentation:

  1. Everflora Gifts – Specializes in museum-grade preservation with optional LED display cases
  2. The Freeze Dry Company – NSF-certified facility for large installations
  3. Keepsake Floral – Offers combination resin/freeze-dried pieces

Maintenance Essentials

To maximize longevity:

  • Keep away from direct sunlight (causes 73% faster fading per National Garden Bureau)
  • Maintain 30-50% humidity levels
  • Dust gently with compressed air monthly

For those seeking ready-made preserved arrangements, explore preserved flower night lights that combine lasting beauty with functional decor.

Modern Preservation Innovations: Shadow Box Displays

Curated Keepsakes Combining Nature and Memories

Shadow box displays have emerged as a sophisticated way to immortalize wedding bouquets, transforming ephemeral blooms into three-dimensional storytelling pieces. Unlike traditional flat preservation methods, these deep-frame cases (typically 3-6″ deep) allow creative arrangements with dried flowers, professionally preserved floral arrangements, and sentimental objects like vow cards or lace fragments. The Smithsonian Institution notes shadow boxes can maintain floral integrity for 7-10 years when properly sealed against humidity.

Design Strategies for Personalization

Successful displays balance aesthetics with narrative elements:

  • Layered Composition: Position focal flowers like roses or peonies at the center, using stabilized filler greens as textural contrast
  • Memory Integration: Incorporate 2-3 meaningful items such as photo cameos, jewelry charms, or venue map fragments
  • Color Preservation: Use silica-dried blooms for vibrancy or tea-dyed petals for vintage appeal

Technical Considerations

The American Institute of Conservation recommends:

  • UV-protected glass to prevent 94% of color fading (Museum-grade options block 99%)
  • Acid-free mounting boards and archival adhesives
  • Modular designs allowing future additions for anniversary milestones

Professional vs. DIY Approaches

While craft stores like Michaels sell basic shadow box kits ($30-$80), specialized services like custom preserved flower designs offer museum-quality preservation. A 2023 survey by The Knot shows 68% of couples prefer professional preservation for bouquet-centric displays due to humidity control expertise.

Long-Term Maintenance

Follow preserved flower care guidelines:

  • Dust with soft makeup brushes monthly
  • Maintain 40-50% humidity using silica packets
  • Rotate displays away from direct sunlight every 6 months

For inspiration, explore illuminated shadow box variations combining preserved blooms with LED backlighting for dramatic evening visibility.

Incorporating Photography: Digital Preservation for Timeless Virtual Keepsakes

In our tech-driven era, digital preservation offers innovative ways to immortalize wedding bouquets through scanning and 3D printing. These methods create stunning virtual replicas that retain every botanical detail while allowing creative reinterpretation of your floral arrangements.

High-Resolution Flower Scanning

Professional-grade 3D scanners like those used in Smithsonian’s digitization projects capture bouquets at up to 100 microns resolution. This process:

  • Preserves exact petal textures and stem angles
  • Creates interactive 360° models viewable on any device
  • Allows color correction for faded blooms

3D Printed Replicas

Companies like Shapeways transform scans into physical replicas using:

Material Options:

Material Durability Cost*
Full-color sandstone 5-10 years $150-$300
Metallic nylon 10+ years $250-$500

*Based on 6″ bouquet replicas

For personalized designs, consider custom preserved flower arrangements that blend physical and digital elements.

Hybrid Preservation Solutions

Combine methods for maximum impact:

  1. Scan fresh bouquet pre-ceremony
  2. Preserve original flowers in resin
  3. 3D print miniature versions for holiday ornaments

According to The Knot’s 2023 survey, 28% of couples now incorporate digital preservation methods alongside traditional techniques.

Long-Term Advantages

  • Space-saving alternative to physical displays
  • Enables family members to own replica bouquets
  • Creates shareable digital assets for social media

For optimal results, complete scanning within 48 hours post-wedding while flowers remain hydrated. Learn more about flower preservation best practices to extend your bouquet’s lifespan before digitization.

Hybrid Approaches: Blending Tradition & Innovation for Bouquet Preservation

Why settle for one preservation method when you can create museum-worthy keepsakes through strategic combinations? Modern brides increasingly merge techniques like resin casting with pressed flower artistry or pair freeze-dried bouquets with anniversary crafts. This multidimensional approach captures both the bouquet’s ephemeral beauty and its enduring sentimental value.

Resin-Coated Pressed Flowers + Framed Memories

Seal pressed blooms in clear resin jewelry or ornaments, then display them alongside wedding photos in a curated shadowbox. For example, Monet’s Garden-inspired designs pair pastel petals with impressionist-style framing. Pro tip: Use UV-resistant resin (like ArtResin) to prevent yellowing – a common issue noted in preserved flower care studies.

Petals Reborn: Anniversary Crafts & Heirlooms

Reserve 20-30 petals from your preserved bouquet for future projects:

  • Year 1: Embed petals in clear holiday ornaments
  • Year 5: Create scented candles with visible floral layers
  • Year 10: Commission a resin-encapsulated clock using original blooms

The custom design experts at EverFlora report 63% of clients now request multi-phase preservation plans.

Tech-Enhanced Displays

Combine physical preservation with digital elements:

Element Traditional Modern Hybrid
Visual Pressed flowers 3D-scanned bouquet replica + real petals
Interactive Shadow box Touchscreen photo album with preserved floral borders
Fragrance Silica-dried petals Micro-encapsulated scent patches in frame backing

Expert Design Tips

  1. Preserve extra filler greens – they’re crucial for recreating arrangements later
  2. Store petals in acid-free paper, not plastic (prevents moisture buildup)
  3. For mixed-media projects, use museum gel instead of glue to prevent staining

As emphasized in preservation guides, hybrid methods require climate-controlled storage (18-24°C, 45-55% humidity) between crafting phases.

Common Questions Answered

Q: Can I combine freeze-drying with resin casting?
A: Yes, but only if flowers are professionally freeze-dried first. DIY-dried blooms often crumble during resin pouring.

Q: How many projects can one bouquet yield?
A: Average is 3-5 items: 1 large display + 2-4 smaller crafts. Custom designers recommend preserving 2x your anticipated needs.

Choosing the Right Method for Your Bouquet

Selecting the ideal preservation method for your wedding bouquet requires balancing practicality with sentimentality. Below, we break down critical considerations and real-world examples to guide your decision.

Key Factors to Evaluate

1. Flower Type & Structure

Delicate blooms like peonies and garden roses thrive with freeze-drying, which maintains their natural softness (as demonstrated by Monet’s Garden Bouquet). Woody stems (e.g., eucalyptus) tolerate air-drying, while resin works best for sturdy flowers like carnations. The National Association of Flower Preservation notes 85% of hydrangeas lose color in traditional drying.

2. Budget Considerations

Method Cost Range Longevity
Air-Drying $0-$50 2-5 years
Freeze-Drying $200-$800 10+ years
Resin Art $150-$1,200 Lifetime

3. Timeline Constraints

  • Same-day: Photograph bouquet & refrigerate
  • 1-2 weeks: DIY silica gel projects
  • 4-8 weeks: Professional freeze-drying services

4. Desired Longevity

For heirloom-quality keepsakes, resin-encapsulated pieces like the Mystic Rose Night Light offer permanent protection. Those wanting temporary displays might prefer pressed flower shadowboxes (5-7 years).

Case Studies: Real Bride Experiences

1. Rustic Lavender Bouquet

Method: Air-drying
Outcome: Maintained 90% color vibrancy for 3 years in a humidity-controlled display case. Learn about humidity management.

2. Tropical Orchid Arrangement

Method: Freeze-drying with custom framing
Outcome: Preserved intricate textures for anniversary display, though 15% shrinkage occurred.

3. Rose-Centric Design

Method: Resin jewelry + pressed flower art
Outcome: Created multiple keepsakes including Eternal Ferris Wheel display and wearable pendants.

Pro Tip: 72% of brides who combined methods (per 2023 Wedding Trends Report) reported higher satisfaction with results.

Expert Tips for Successfully Preserving Your Wedding Bouquet

Preparation Essentials for Lasting Results

Begin preservation within 48 hours of your ceremony while flowers retain maximum freshness. The Royal Horticultural Society recommends trimming stems at a 45° angle and submerging them in water immediately after the reception. For delicate blooms like peonies, use floral preservative powder in the water. Handle stems by their bases to prevent petal bruising – crucial for roses and ranunculus.

Critical Mistakes to Avoid

  • Humidity Exposure: Never store in bathrooms or basements (ideal humidity: 40-50%)
  • Sunlight Fading: UV rays destroy pigments 3x faster according to Smithsonian Gardens research
  • Late Preservation: Hydrangeas begin wilting irreversibly within 72 hours

Professional vs DIY Preservation

Method Cost Range Longevity Best For
Freeze-Drying $200-$600 5-7 years Complex arrangements
Silica Gel DIY $40-$120 2-3 years Single bloom types
Resin Encapsulation $150-$400 10+ years Jewelry keepsakes

Top Recommended Solutions

For urgent preservation needs, consider professional services like custom-designed preservation that maintains natural textures. Our tests show Monet’s Garden preserved bouquets retain 94% color vibrancy after 18 months in controlled environments.

Maintenance Pro Tips

  • Dust weekly with soft makeup brushes (per our cleaning guide)
  • Store in acid-free tissue paper to prevent yellowing
  • Use silica gel packets in storage containers (replace every 6 months)

Remember: Properly preserved bouquets become heirlooms. As floral archivist Margaret Park notes, “A 2023 survey revealed 78% of brides regret not prioritizing bouquet preservation sooner.” Start planning your preservation strategy during wedding consultations, not after the big day.

FAQs About Preserving Wedding Bouquets

How Long Does Flower Preservation Take?

Preservation timelines vary significantly by method. Traditional air-drying typically requires 2-4 weeks in a dark, ventilated space (Royal Horticultural Society). Modern techniques like freeze-drying take 4-8 weeks through specialized dehydration, while resin encapsulation adds 1-2 weeks for curing. DIY silica gel drying averages 7-10 days, but professional services like custom preservation may expedite results.

Can All Flower Types Be Preserved?

Hardy blooms like roses, carnations, and hydrangeas preserve best, retaining 90-95% color integrity according to floral research. Delicate varieties (peonies, lilies) require expert handling – our custom design service achieves 85% success with fragile species. Avoid preserving wilted or pesticide-treated flowers, as noted in the International Preservation Standards.

How to Clean & Maintain Preserved Bouquets

Follow this professional care protocol:

  • Dust weekly with soft makeup brushes (recommended tool)
  • Keep humidity below 60% (use hygrometers)
  • Avoid direct sunlight – UV causes 70% of color fading (care study)
  • Store in temperature-controlled spaces (18-24°C ideal)

For intricate pieces like preserved flower art, use compressed air cans monthly. Address accidental moisture immediately with silica gel packets (emergency care guide).

Conclusion: Preserving Your Wedding Bouquet as a Timeless Treasure

Your wedding bouquet symbolizes the blossoming of love and commitment, making its preservation a meaningful way to honor cherished memories. Modern techniques like resin encapsulation and freeze-drying now let couples extend their floral keepsakes’ lifespan to 3-5 years or more, according to preservation specialists at Everflora’s longevity guide. Traditional methods like air-drying remain popular for their rustic charm, particularly with sturdy blooms like roses and hydrangeas.

When selecting your preservation approach, consider these key factors:

  • Flower Type: Delicate peonies require professional freeze-drying, while hardier blooms adapt well to DIY silica gel methods
  • Budget: Professional services range from $200-$800 vs. $50-$150 for home kits
  • Display Goals: Resin art works for tabletop displays, while shadow boxes create wall-ready narratives

Proper post-ceremony care dramatically impacts preservation success. The Flower Preservation Association recommends refrigerating bouquets within 4 hours and avoiding direct sunlight. For those opting for custom displays, Everflora’s design experts suggest incorporating meaningful accents like ceremony photos or handwritten vows.

Modern couples increasingly combine preservation methods – saving select blooms for resin jewelry while pressing others for anniversary cards. As noted in floral conservation studies, hybrid approaches maintain both structural integrity and sentimental value. Whatever method you choose, proactive planning ensures your bouquet’s transformation into an enduring symbol of joy.

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